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A One Day International (ODI) is a form of
Limited overs cricket,
in which a fixed number of
overs, usually 50, but in the past 40, 45 or 60 overs, are played
between two teams with international status. The
Cricket World Cup
is played in this format. One Day International matches are also called
"Limited Overs Internationals (LOI)", because they are
limited overs
cricket matches between national sides, and if the weather interferes
they are not always completed in one day. Important one-day matches,
international and domestic, often have two days set aside, the second day
being a "reserve" day to allow more chance of the game being completed if a
result is not possible on the first day (for instance if play is prevented
or interrupted by rain). The international one-day game is a late
twentieth-century development. The first ODI was played on 5 January 1971
between Australia and England at the
Melbourne
Cricket Ground. When the first three days of the third
Test were washed out officials decided to abandon the match and,
instead, play a one-off one day game consisting of 40 six-ball overs per
side. Australia won the game by 5 wickets.
In the late 1970s,
Kerry Packer established the rival
World Series
Cricket (WSC) competition, and it introduced many of the features of One
Day International cricket that are now commonplace, including coloured
uniforms, matches played at night under floodlights with a white ball and
dark sight screens, and, for television broadcasts, multiple camera angles,
effects microphones to capture sounds from the players on the pitch, and
on-screen graphics. The first of the matches with coloured uniforms was the
WSC Australians in wattle gold versus WSC West Indians in coral pink, played
at
VFL Park in Melbourne
on 17 January 1979. It was credited with making cricket a more professional
sport.
Rules
In the main the
Laws of cricket apply. However, in ODIs, each team gets to bat only a
fixed number of
overs. In the early days of ODI cricket, the number of overs was
generally 60 overs per side but now it has been uniformly fixed at 50 overs.
Simply stated the game works as follows:
- An ODI is contested by 2 teams of 11 players each.
- The Captain of the side winning the
toss chooses to either
bat or
bowl (field) first.
- The team batting first sets the target score in a single
innings. The innings
lasts until the batting side is "all out" (i.e., 10 of the 11 batting
players are "out") or all of the first side's allotted overs are used
up.
- Each bowler is restricted to bowling a maximum of 10 overs (fewer in
the case of rain-reduced matches and in any event generally no more than
one fifth or 20% of the total overs per innings).
- The team batting second tries to score more than the target score in
order to win the match. Similarly, the side bowling second tries to bowl
out the second team for less than the target score in order to win.
- If the number of runs scored by both teams are equal when the second
team loses all of its
wickets
or exhausts all its overs, then the game is declared as a 'tie'
(regardless of the number of wickets lost by either team).
Where a number of overs are lost, for example, due to inclement weather
conditions, then the number of overs may be reduced. Where the number of
overs available for the team batting second is perforce different from the
number of overs faced by the team that batted first, the result may be
determined by the
Duckworth-Lewis method.
The floodlights would be positioned in such a way that it would not
interfere with fielding teams and captains would be allowed a cloth on field
should the ball become moist.
[edit]
Powerplay
A limited number of fielders are allowed in outfield during
powerplays.
The bowling team is subject to
fielding restrictions stipulating that nine fielders, including two
fielders in
catching positions, must be inside the
fielding circle for a set number of overs. Traditionally, the fielding
restrictions applied for the first 15 overs of each innings.
In a 10 month trial period starting 30 July 2005, the ICC introduced the
Powerplays rule as part of a series of new ODI regulations. Under the
Powerplays rule, fielding restrictions apply for the first 10 overs, plus
two blocks of five overs (called Powerplay Fives). From October 2008
the batting side decides when one of the remaining two blocks occur, the
fielding side decides when to begin the other Powerplay. In the first
Powerplay, no more than two fielders can be positioned outside 30 yard
circle (this is increased to three for the second and third Powerplay
blocks). In the first 10 overs, it is also required that at least two
fielders are in close catching positions.
The ICC have announced, as of 1 October 2007, with regard to Powerplays,
that the captain of the fielding side may elect to position 3 fielders
outside the 30 yard circle in one of the two 5-over Powerplays. The rule was
first invoked in a match between Sri Lanka and England at
Dambulla Stadium on 1 October 2007. Sri Lanka won the match by 119 runs.
Currently both 2nd and 3rd powerplay will have 3 fielders outside 30 yard
circle, and one powerplay is chosen by batting team.
[edit]
Trial regulations
The trial regulations also introduced a substitution rule that allowed
the introduction of a replacement player at any stage in the match. Teams
nominated their replacement player, called a Supersub, before the
toss. The Supersub could bat, bowl, field or keep wicket; the replaced
player took no further part in the game. Over the six months it was in
operation, it became very clear that the Supersub was of far more benefit to
the side that won the toss, unbalancing the game. Several international
captains reached "gentleman's agreements" to discontinue this rule late in
2005. They continued to name supersubs, as required, but simply did not
field them. On 15 February 2006, the ICC announced their intention to
discontinue the Supersub rule on 21 March 2006.
[edit]
Teams with ODI status
The
International Cricket Council (ICC) determines which teams have ODI
status (meaning that any match played between two such teams under standard
one-day rules is classified as an ODI).
The ten
Test-playing nations (which are also the ten full members of the ICC)
have permanent ODI status. The nations are listed below with the date of
each nation's ODI dates shown in brackets:
-
 Australia
(5 January 1971)
-
 England
(5 January 1971)
-
 New
Zealand (11 February 1973)
-
 Pakistan
(11 February 1973)
-
 West
Indies (5 September 1973)
-
 India
(13 July 1974)
-
 Sri
Lanka (7 June 1975)
-
 Zimbabwe
(9 June 1983)
-
 Bangladesh
(31 March 1986)
-
 South
Africa (10 November 1991)
The ICC temporarily grants ODI status to other teams; at present these
are:
-
 Kenya
(from 18 February 1996, until the 2013 ICC World Cup Qualifier)
-
 Canada
(from 1 January 2006 until the 2013 ICC World Cup Qualifier)
-
 Ireland
(from 1 January 2006 until the 2013 ICC World Cup Qualifier)
-
 Netherlands
(from 1 January 2006 until the 2013 ICC World Cup Qualifier)
-
 Scotland
(from 1 January 2006 until the 2013 ICC World Cup Qualifier)
-
 Afghanistan
(from 19 April 2009 until the 2013 ICC World Cup Qualifier)
Canada, Ireland, the Netherlands and Scotland earned this status as a
result of their performance at the
2005 ICC Trophy.
The ICC followed this precedent in 2009 and used the results of the
2009 ICC
World Cup Qualifier (the new name of the ICC Trophy) to award ODI status
for the following four years. During the tournament
Afghanistan capped a remarkable year by finishing 5th and qualifying for
ODI status.
At one point, the ICC occasionally granted associate members permanent
ODI status without granting them full membership and Test status. This was
originally introduced to allow the best associate members to gain regular
experience in internationals before making the step up to full membership.
First Bangladesh and then Kenya received this status. Bangladesh have since
made the step up to Test status and full membership; but as a result of
Kenya's poor performance the ICC have since decided to end their permanent
ODI status.
In addition, the ICC reserves the right to grant special ODI status to
all matches within certain high profile tournaments, with the result being
that the following countries have also participated in full ODIs:
- East
Africa (from 7 June 1975 until 14 June 1975)
-
 United
Arab Emirates (from 13 April 1994 until 17 April 1994; from 16
February 1996 until 1 March 1996; from 16 July 2004 until 17 July 2004
and from 24 June 2008 until 26 June 2008)
-
 Namibia
(from 10 February 2003 until 3 March 2003)
-
 Hong
Kong (from 16 July 2004 until 18 July 2004 and from 24 June 2008
until 25 June 2008)
-
 United
States (from 10 September 2004 until 13 September 2004)
-
 Bermuda
(from 1 January 2006 until 8 April 2009)
In 2005 the ICC controversially gave ODI status, for the first time, to
several matches involving teams composed of players from more than one
country. These were the Asia XI vs ICC World XI game played in January 2005
as part of the
World
Cricket Tsunami Appeal in aid of the
2004 Indian Ocean tsunami
relief effort and three commercially sponsored "Australia vs ICC World
XI"
ICC Super Series games which took place in
Melbourne in October
2005. The latter matches were poorly attended, heavily one-sided and
generated little interest in the cricketing world. It was an experiment
which many feel should not be repeated and many cricket statisticians (e.g.
Bill Frindall)
agree that the matches should not be incorporated into the official ODI
records.[1][2]
[edit]
Tournaments
Generally ODI series between 2 teams or tri-series are played. Most
popular
tournaments of ODI are:
[edit]
One Day
International records
Sachin Tendulkar
of India holds record of the most 100s and 50s in One Day International. He
also has the most runs in One Day International and is the only male player
to score a double century in a One Day International, which he achieved on
24 February, 2010.
The record for the highest innings total in any List A limited overs
match is 443 for nine by Sri Lanka against Netherlands in their One Day
International 50-overs match at Amstelveen on July 4, 2006. The lowest team
total is 35 all out by Zimbabwe against Sri Lanka in Harare, 2004.
The most runs scored by both sides in any List A limited overs match is
872: Australia, batting first, scored 434 for four in 50 overs, and yet were
beaten by South Africa who scored 438 for nine with a ball to spare during
their
One Day International at Johannesburg in 2006.
The best bowling figures are 8-19 by
Chaminda Vaas for
Sri Lanka v Zimbabwe in Colombo, 2001-02 - he is the only player to take
eight wickets in a One Day international.
[edit]
Players who have played for more than one team
As there are residency and/or nationality requirements that need to be
met to represent a team at international level, usually a player will only
represent one team in ODIs in his career. Several have, however, played for
more than one team. These include:[1]
Additionally, John
Traicos played Tests for South Africa and Zimbabwe, but ODIs just for
Zimbabwe, and
Gavin Hamilton has only played ODIs for Scotland and represented England
in one
Test match. Dirk
Nannes has represented
Netherlands in
T20s
for the 2009
ICC World Twenty20 held in England but played for
Australia in an ODI vs
Scotland. He has since played more T20s for Australia.
Source : wikipedia |
